Smoking and Lung Cancer Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Smoking and Lung Cancer Lung Cancer represents fifteen percent of all malignant growth cases, and an expected 170,000 individuals in the United States get lung malignancy a year. (5)About 155,000 of those individuals kick the bucket from the malignant growth. As of late, the pace of ladies influenced by lung malignant growth has expanded, while the pace of men influenced has diminished. Notwithstanding, lung malignant growth is the main disease that executes the two ladies and men. (1) So, what is lung malignant growth? Lung malignancy is the wild development of unusual cells in the lung. (5) There are two principle kinds of lung malignant growth: non-little cell and little cell lung disease. Non-little cell lung malignancy (or NSCLC) is more typical than little cell lung disease (SCLC) and happens in about 80% of all lung malignant growth cases. (3) Early lung malignant growth doesn't cause indications, so when the side effects at last show and the disease is recognized, it is as of now at a propelled stage. (1) Smoking has been demonstrated to be the essential driver of lung malignant growth. About 87% of all cases happen in individuals who smoke. (1) However, not every person who smokes gets lung disease and not every person who gets lung malignancy smokes. One of the principle side effects of lung malignancy is a constant hack that goes on for over about fourteen days. Another is consistent chest torment. Different indications incorporate wheezing, brevity of breath, hacking blood, roughness, and rehashed pneumonia or bronchitis. (1) There are likewise less observable signs, for example, unexplained fever, weight reduction, or hunger misfortune. (2) As referenced before, there are two kinds of lung disease: NSCLC and SCLC. NSCLC can be isolated into three segments. In the first place, there is epidermoid carcinoma which is normally begins in the enormous breathing cylinders, and develops gradually. (5) There is likewise adenocarcinoma, which is found in the bodily fluid organs and ... ...is as yet a deadly disease that murders a great many people in the event that it isn't distinguished early. The fundamental method to stay away from lung disease is to quit smoking! Cigarettes and tobacco have around 4,000 synthetic substances in them which lead straightforwardly to malignant growth. (1) The more an individual smokes, the more noteworthy the chance of lung malignant growth. Be that as it may, on the off chance that one quits smoking, the danger of getting lung disease decreases every year. Following ten years, the likelihood diminishes to around one-half or 33% the danger of individuals who keep on smoking. (1) what's more, used smoke causes around 3,000 individuals to bite the dust from lung malignant growth a year. (1)Therefore, the most ideal approach to forestall yourself or everyone around you from getting lung disease is to quit smoking! Web Sources: 1) http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=22542 2) http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/wyntk/lung#9 3) http://www.meds.com/lung/direct/u_lung.html

How Women Are Portrayed in Lynx and Cosmo Essay Example for Free

How Women Are Portrayed in Lynx and Cosmo Essay ‘Men act and ladies show up. Men take a gander at ladies. Ladies watch themselves being looked at’ †John Berger, ‘Ways of seeing’. For my examination I mean to investigate to what degree explicit media items utilize comparable portrayals of ladies to interest their intended interest groups. The models I have decided to concentrate on are the notorious, worldwide women’s style and way of life magazine ‘Cosmopolitan’ and Lynx’s dubious ‘beach campaign’. I will in this way be investigating what similitudes and contrasts they insert due to their oppositional target crowds and substance. All through my examination the fundamental hypothesis I will connect my writings is that of Laura Mulvey, her hypothesis investigates thoughts of sexism and male look inside the media business. Hearst the distributer of Cosmopolitan portrays the magazine’s target crowd as ‘Fun, Fearless Females’, the similar sounding word usage of the ‘F’ sound implies a feeling of disposition and wild conduct. Close by the brand recommendation ‘celebrates†¦a energy forever and motivates young ladies to be as well as can be expected be’ intentionally supporting ladies by depicting a feeling of strengthening and desire. Conversely, Unilever, proprietors of the Lynx brand express their image prospect is that every one of their items are ‘designed to give our clients the edge in the mating game’ building up itself as ‘UK’s driving male preparing brand!’. Cosmopolitan are notable for educating their crowd concerning two primary points; way of life and sex. Just by taking a gander at the magazine covers, unmistakably these two points command. I investigated the April 2012 front of Cosmopolitan, it follows the nonexclusive shows of a commonplace magazine design for a women’s style and way of life magazine. As far as the shading plan the pink textual styles and unbiased apparel pass on a feeling of gentility and maybe the regular household way of life of ladies, in spite of the fact that the way of life part of the magazine appears overwhelmed by the subject of sex. The spread highlights an appealing ladies †for this situation the notable Megan Fox, representing some somewhat charming non-verbal communication, indicating a ton of skin, all while taking a gander at the camera (crowd) with an attractive, genuine outward appearance with the eyebrow indiscriminately raised, and intriguing separated lips. In spite of the fact that the model is essentially representing the most stylish trend, the low profile, firmly fitting dress implies an over sexualised perspective on the big name who is generally known as a sex image in the media world, having her spot in FHM’s hottest ladies every year and constantly assuming the job of the hot female in different famous movies. Plainly Cosmopolitan utilize striking sexual undertones encompassing ladies, in spite of the fact that contend that their aims are in truth to enable ladies through their sexuality. Notice the models solid non-verbal communication , the hand on hip look utilized nearby slogans, for example, ‘Naughty or decent? You decide†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, and sexual plays on words are even included seeing none sexual subjects, for example, profession guidance ‘You on top’, these are strong sexual implications suggesting that lady ought to command to get what they need, for the most part with respect to the subject o f sex. Maybe battling the disputable discussion of sexism towards ladies in media by shockingly grasping Laura Mulvey’s hypothesis of ‘male gaze’. Cosmo put over the possibility that on the off chance that men discover ladies alluring, at that point it ought to certify them by causing them to feel great about themselves, realizing that they look provocative and appealing. The magazine are cognizant to do this in a complex house, contradicted to other trashy and over sexualised magazines. Mediaknowall.com express that ‘Women’s magazines have proceeded onward and offer dreams of freedom and certainty just as excellence and household concerns, yet ladies are as yet urged to look good’. Self-perception and size have become a developing issue in the public eye in aftereffect of magazine content. The abuse of unimposing, photograph shopped models all through magazines has brought about these pictures turning into the predominant belief system. Throughout the years pictures imprinted in women’s magazines have added to this all inclusive inclination to look great and be a sure size. Lynx are known for their voyeuristic item promotion, this component of the organization is the thing that pulls in their purchasers, yet is likewise their ruin. Lynx have been freely scrutinized for their abuse of typifying ladies, utilizing sexualized and provocative symbolism and in general unpolished sexism. The BBC news express that ‘in 2011 six of Lynx’s publicizing efforts were restricted after mass quantities of gripes were made’ they included that ‘the 113 objections said it was explicitly intriguing and belittling to women’. I inquired about Lynx’s late TV ad and going with print advert titled ‘The cleaner you are, the dirtier you get’. In spite of the fact that I accept this is one of Lynx’s milder sexualised adverts even the title itself contains a sexual quip, recommending the guarantee of sex in the event that you shower with the item. The young lady on the print notice is no uncertainty an alluring youthful female, fitting the famous ‘blonde bombshell’ look. The girl’s alluring outward appearance makes the impression she is welcoming the crowd (male) into the shower with her. In spite of the fact that the girl’s articulations look sure, there is a differentiation among this and her non-verbal communication. For instance the manner in which she needs to cup her two-piece top to prevent it from falling. This powerlessness of the lady standing half naked for a male crowd totally outwardly portraying her as a female, making her a uninvolved object of male visual joy. A remark by Jean Killbourne (a well known media dissident) backs up my point by expressing that ‘women’s bodies are regularly dismantled into legs, bosoms or thighs, strengthening the message that ladies are questions instead of entire human beings’. Killbourne recommends that ladies have gotten dehumanized into suggestive items for male joy. One component of Lynx’s crusades which proceeds all through is phony depiction. In each advert the male job is played by your ordinary, not excessively alluring man, diverged from the female job being an attractive, youthful excellence. In an ordinary world the progressions of the male job drawing in that sort of lady are extremely thin. In spite of this the principle message that Lynx put across to their crowd all through their notices is that if men wear the item †ladies will discover them powerful †False depiction. Obviously this component adds cleverness to the commercials, albeit all to the detriment of generalizing ladies all the while and advancing the sexual orientation job of the predominant male. Catalog Sites: www.mediaknowall.com Hearst, http.//www.hearst.co.uk/magazines/Cosmpolitan/5-about.htm Cosmopolitan, http://www.cosmopolitan.com/VIP/selective/megan-fox-april-spread cosmopolitan Exploring the media: portrayals and reactions

Holding pattern

Holding pattern I never thought Id say this, but Im kind of bored. A combination of not being an athlete + a lighter class schedule + spring break + being a senior = I just want to graduate already. Lets break that down and separate by terms, shall we? Im officially retired from the sport of basketball, as of late March. Our season ended in the first round of the NCAA DIII Tournament, which is pretty cool because its the second time ever that MIT has made it that far. Physically, retirement means my body is resting after ~18 years of bruised knees and twisted ankles and such. Logistically, ~15 hours of my week suddenly opened up. Emotionally, I miss it a lot. I came into this semester needing (2) HASS classes, (1) mechanical engineering class, and (1) thesis in order to graduate. And thats exactly what Im doing! 17.447: Cybersecurity 21W.755: Writing and Reading Short Stories 2.002: Mechanics and Materials II 6.UAR: Seminar in Undergraduate Research The sad part is, as much as I try to deny it, I think Im low-key still busy. Next week I have two essays due, a short story to write, a pset, and a research poster to work on, and my thesis work is still chugging along in the background. Still, Im looking at senior spring as the reward for having to live through senior fall. I already knew that with 2.009 (MechE capstone class, ~24 hours/week of sheer panic) I would have a healthy amount of work. However, something I did not factor in was the insane amount of stress and time that goes into The Job Huntâ„¢. brief interlude for reflective purposes-I did not anticipate how much time I would be spending on career activities last fall, which is something that upperclassmen should prepare for. Hours every week went into: preparing for career fairs, going to career fairs, searching for positions to apply to, actually applying to these positions (which can include writing cover letters, tracking down letters of reference, getting transcripts, completing coding challenges, and/or putting together a portfolio), setting up informational interviews, doing (hopefully many) rounds of actual interviews (which vary by location (Skype, in-person local, in-person far away, in-person fly-to-CA-on-short-notice), and type (chat over lunch, behavioral, technical-coding , technical-design-me-a-quick-robot-over-Skype-please)), and negotiating offers and deadlines. ^That paragraph was (intentionally?) confusing and overwhelming because I, too, was confused and overwhelmed. But I am incredibly grateful for the opportunity to have gone through all of that, for many reasons. First of all, as an MIT student I benefit from having the Institute on my resume, and Ill never take that for granted. Also, through this experience I gained a lot of confidence from walking into so many rooms where I knew no one sitting at the table, and being incredibly nervous I was going to say something incredibly stupid, but still managing to get through the questions with varying degrees of success. I could tell that by the end of the Hunt I was much more comfortable talking about my experiences and coming up with passable solutions to difficult problems on the fly. It was cool to meet real-life engineers working on some awesome projects, and despite my initial nervousness, I actually found myself enjoying some of the technical interview questions. Anyway. Still glad its over. -and were back!- Spring break!!! Three of my friends/teammates and I drove to Nashville and back during the week off. We traversed 10 states, spending ~50 hours in a Kia Soul. Probably one of the highlights of my college experience. It was heartbreaking to come back to 40 degrees and rain. A great part of being a senior is, wellbeing old, I guess? For example, 2.002 is the follow-up to 2.001, the class that inspired this post. I was more than a little apprehensive about taking this class, but it turns out something crazy has happened since sophomore fall- Ive learned some stuff! I have a better grasp on stress and strain and all that, sure. But Ive also learned about how I personally learn best, and how I study for tests the most effectively, and how to ask better questions. So its actually going pretty well, which is a pleasant surprise. Plus, I volunteered to be a lab assistant in 2.00b: Toy Design, which is a really fun intro to MechE class thats basically like a smaller 2.009 where you design and build a new toy. Its great going into lab every week to help freshman make something real for the first time.However, the flip side of being a senior is being absolutely and completely  done with psets and tests and essays and all that. I have one foot still on campus and one on the West Coast, where Ive starting looking for apartments and planning for the next step in my career. Theoretically, finish lines should be motivating, but as graduation gets closer, the opposite is happening. If senioritis has already punched me in the face in March, I cant wait for May when theres only a final exam standing between me and f r e e d o m. Thats going to be a full-on TKO. So maybe bored was presumptuous. Theres still enough going on for the next couple months to keep the Class of 2019 occupied for a little longer. I personally have some bucket list items in Boston I want to check off before I peace out of here- a museum or two to visit, and I want to go to the beach at least once. Ive been dabbling in guitar for a while, maybe its time to do some more of that. CPW is around the corner, which is essentially a tornado of excitement and free food, so thatll be fun.  For the first time in what feels like forever, the weather is tolerable. I got my sailing license when I was a freshman (its free! anyone can do it! you can do it!), so maybe Ill start going back out on the river.   And ideally youll be seeing my face a lot more on the blogs. :)

Decolonization Is Always A Violent Event Essay - 1475 Words

Decolonization is the undoing of colonialism, where a nation establishes and maintains its domination over dependent territories. In the words of Fanon, in the reading The Wretched of the Earth, â€Å"National liberation, national reawakening, restoration of the na ­tion to the people or Commonwealth, whatever the name used, whatever the latest expression, decolonization is always a violent event.† (Fanon, 1). Frantz Fanon was one of many authors who supported decolonization struggles occurring after World War II. He breaks down decolonization into two senses: one being the physical act of freeing a territory from external control of a colonizer, and the other being the psychological act of freeing the consciousness of the native from the alienation caused by colonization. Fanon particularly advocated that violence was justified by overthrowing colonial oppression. In his reading, The Wretched of the Earth, Fanon wrote on why and how colonialism must be stopped. Fanon argued that the colonial infrastructure must be destroyed. â€Å"Decolonization, which sets out to change the order of the world, is clearly an agenda for total disorder. But it cannot be accomplished by the wave of a magic wand, a natural cataclysm, or a gentleman’s agreement. Decolonization, we know, is an historical process: In other words, it can only be understood, it can only find its significance and become self coherent insofar as we can discern the history-making movement which gives it form and substance,†Show MoreRelatedDecolonization: An Evolution in Imperialist Relationships1651 Words   |  7 PagesDecolonization is a process where in the ideal understanding of the term would be ending the exploitive relationship between the colonized and the colonizers with the intention of being s self-sufficient of the newly independent state. The romanticizing that the process of decolonization can be looked at as a significant accomplishment for the colonized is misleadin g, or at least it is heavily contested by scholars like Fanon who argues that the process of decolonization is one that is an inherentlyRead MoreDecolonization : The Wretched Of The Earth1283 Words   |  6 Pages Decolonization, as one of the most significant movements throughout the twentieth century, has always been debated between the colonizers and colonized under certain historical circumstances. M.K Gandhi, Aimà © Cà ©saire, and Frantz Fanon, as the avant-gardes of decolonization movement, addressed their ideologies on the relationship between European colonists and colonial states, and their views on the process of gaining national freedom. Nevertheless, as Fanon defined in the article â€Å"On Violence† fromRead MoreThe Causes Of Decolonization After World War II979 Words   |  4 PagesAfter World War II, there was uprising decolonization in many countries. Decolonization is the ‘’withdrawal from its former colonies of a colonial power’’ (OED). The factors that caused this transformation are colonial nationalism, politics, religious and ethnic movements and international pressure. During this time, the colonial powers were weakened, which brought opportunity for independence to many regions like French North Africa and India. Consequently, relationships between countries changedRead MoreWas Singapores Decolonization Process Different from Its Neighbours in Southeast Asia? Explain Your Answer.1697 Words   |  7 PagesFrom a historians perspective, decolonization was one of the most important developments of the twentieth century because it turned the world into the stage of history. Therefore, it is of no surprise that much historical research has been devoted to this phenomenon; and the various nuances among the decolonization processes undergone by the various Southeast Asian countries have been of interest. For the purpose of this essay, I shall define ‘decolonization as the process whereby colonialRead MoreWyatts the Long Love That in My Thought Doth Harbour1069 Words   |  5 Pagesrestoration of nationhood to the people, commonwealth: whatever may be the headings used or the formulas introduced, decolonization i s always a violent phenomenon. At whatever level we study it – relationship between individuals, new neames for sports clubs, the human admixture at cocktail parties, in the police, on the directing boards of national or private banks – decolonization is quite simply the replacing of a certain â€Å"species† or men by another â€Å"species† of men. 1 You do not turn any societyRead MoreDecolonization Of The Country Of Ghana1504 Words   |  7 Pagesindependence became a necessity, and this type of freedom could only be obtained through a process called decolonization. Decolonization is when a country removes itself from a location it has colonized, leaving that location independent to govern over itself. The nature of this can be problematic, due to the extensive difficulties of creating a functional country with little time or practice. Decolonization originated from nationalist movements throughout the late 19th and early 20th century, and the observat ionRead MoreWhy did Fanon Argue for a Violent Struggle Against Colonialism?1851 Words   |  8 PagesIn the second half of the twentieth century, started a process of decolonization, first in Asia and then in Africa. In 1949, India was one of the first country to gain its independence, followed by Burma, Malaysia, and Ceylon. In Africa the decolonization started a few years later, first in Libya and Egypt, and in the rest of the continent afterwards. The main colonists were the Great Britain and France. The history has shown that Great Britain succeeded to decolonize generally in peace while FranceRead MoreTheories Of Michel Foucault1670 Words   |  7 Pagesa new fixity to language, and created new languages of power. Frantz Fanon – The Wretched of the Earth Fanon’s work concerns the event of decolonization which he classifies as always violent. Fanon defines decolonization as the substitution of one â€Å"species† of mankind for another. The change comes about from the repressed state of the colonized people. Decolonization is a total transformation and challenge of the colonial situation. The colonial world is divided in two, with the colonized subjectRead MoreThe Fight For The Fair Treatment And Equal Rights1713 Words   |  7 Pagesadvise violence.† But some people like Fanon would argue that violence should be the approach to take in order to achieve independence. Frantz Fanon is remembered as one of the central figures in post-colonial thought. His arguments in favor of decolonization and the independence of nations is one that was looked at by many leaders around the world. Unlike Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Fanon did not believe that nonviolence was the best way to achieve what you were looking for. He was adamant aboutRead MoreThe Decolonization Of India During The World War II Essay1768 Words   |  8 Pagesmeant their Empire. With World War II, however, Britain’s grasp on worldwide colonization began to shake. The war weakened Britain, leading to a worldwide decolonization effort. India was one of the first colonies to declare independence as well as one of the most important. The decolonization of India was a multifactorial event that shaped many events in history. Although India today is a prosperous nation, they could not have gotten to this point without a few bumps on the way. In 1947, Britain had

The Country Has Made Over Their Long Living History

There are four international ports that connect the United States to Central America; Juarez is one of these important four. Juarez once known as Paso del Norte (pass of the north) lies on the Rio Grande (Rio Bravo del Norte). Juarez was founded in the 1600s and has since been in the top ten largest populated cities in the world. When people think of Juarez and other cities in Mexico, there are many stigmas held strongly against them. Nowadays, Mexico is perceived as a dangerous and horrible place to live. Of course certain assumptions and stereotypes have some validity with the drug cartel, murders, and high crime rates playing a part in their perception of the country. However, even with the devastation and crime there is beauty and importance that lies at the very roots of Mexico. In my paper I wish to express the many positive impacts the country has made over their long living history. Juarez has been a strong and thriving city with an interesting history of its people, agricult ure and the economy. The history of Juarez starts in the sixteen-hundreds, specifically in sixteen-fifty-nine when it was known as Paso Del Norte. Spanish explorers sought out a route though the southern part of the Rocky Mountains. At the time there were Native Americans that had already been located in that area which made it perfect for explores to establish a community. The community had grown in importance with the Santa Fe and Chihuahua’s commerce passing through it. TheShow MoreRelatedGuns, Germs And Steel : Episode 3 Essay883 Words   |  4 Pagesfor example in the video it stated that, â€Å"It was believed Smallpox originated in the tropical region of Africa, Africans were certainly similar with the disease, they had even developed methods of immunity for life.† This was the advantage they had over the europeans, they were able to protect themselves from Smallpox; avoiding such a dramatic incline their population. Not only did they develop immunization to S mallpox, they tried to fight off Malaria. For example in the video it says, â€Å"Native AfricansRead MoreThe war on terrorism in Afghanistan has been the longest war in the history of the United States of1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe war on terrorism in Afghanistan has been the longest war in the history of the United States of America, the war that nobody wanted is finally coming to an end. 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While being poorRead MoreBhutan s Gross National Happiness1332 Words   |  6 Pagestheir focus over the past forty years than you should, you and people in your community might want to take a closer look at this small country and how it is impacting the world. Bhutan is a small country located in the himalayas between China and India and is one of the happiest countries in the world because the government has focused on following the four pillars of happiness. Each pillar supports and helps to provide the right environment for happiness, these pillars are compatible living conditionsRead MoreCultural Communication Differences Between Cuba and India1333 Words   |  5 Pagessources. Two countries with very little proximity to each other, and very little shared interaction, have developed their own unique styles that are radically different than the other. Cuba and India are two countries that have been heavily influenced by outside sources, by the practice of colonization by the European powers. In addition to this, both countries have followed a course of independent thinking in world politics. Cuba is an island nation with a Communist government that has little to doRead MoreChristopher Columbus was not the First to Discover America Essay652 Words   |  3 Pageswelcoming, they welcomed Christopher into the land. But as soon as he left, he told all the Europeans he found a new country, and they gave him the credit for finding it. But then the Indians were there long before he was. According to the World History Textbook, Columbus had spent several months sailing along the caribbean islands, and soon thought that he had reached the Indies. Before long other europeans realized Columbus had found a route to continents previously unknown to them. The islands ColumbusRead MoreSocialism And Communism Vs. 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From the years 1877 to 1933, this country went through many changes and transitions in the areas of politics, economy, society, and culture, which resulted in the birth of a new nation. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The period from 1877 to 1901 in American history was known as the Gilded Age, it was titled soRead More Identity and Culture Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pagesor group of people, has an identity and a culture. An ‘identity’ is the image that one project out into the rest of the world, and ‘culture’ is the image which one has of themselves. Countries are no exception; every country over their course of history has created an identity and culture for themselves. It has been said that the worst act one could perform on another would be to strip them of their identity, and deny them of their culture. 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Fashion Boutique Industry of Kathmandu Free Essays

string(109) " This study is not absolutely free from limitations; the limitations that may be observed are as follows: a\." Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration. This proposal writing assignment was guided by our course instructor Mr.. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Boutique Industry of Kathmandu or any similar topic only for you Order Now Parka’s C. Battier and with his help and my interest I selected the topic: An Overview of the Fashion Boutique Industry of Nepal. I have always been interested in fashion. When I was given this opportunity to do a project work on the interest of my choice, I had no doubt it was going to be related with the fashion industry of Nepal. The fashion industry worldwide seems to be at its glamorous eight, having its reach from New York to Paris to London and Tokyo. All over the globe the latest trends travel so fast that designers are busy making forecasts for each and every season and occasion they can think of. The modern technologies, media, and the entertainment industry have propelled fashion into new, unforeseeable heights. People everywhere are becoming more and more fashion conscious and the Naples are not behind. The increasing number of trendy boutiques in Nepal and almost every major street being lined up with fashion and clothing stores show there is a rising demand for high fashion among the modern Naples. The fashion industry is very lucrative and its scope is unlimited. Nepal, being such a culturally and naturally diverse country, has a lot of inspiration for the fashion industry. If this diversity can be converted into creativity and be sustainable entrenched in the fashion industry of Nepal through the fashion boutiques, this industry would ultimately have a very unique image, so much so that Nepal should also consider it as a potential forte. To understand the current Naples fashion boutiques industry and see the area of potential in it, who better to ask than boutique owners? These are the people who are in the industry; who know about fashion, designs, and trends ultimately shaping the Naples fashion industry into new forms. They are the people who are learning about what is happening in the industry right now and what will or should happen in the future of the fashion industry of Nepal. So, I have decided to survey the boutique owners of the Splendor area of Paten since that seems to be the centre point of the boutique industry of Katmandu valley. With this research, I hope to understand the current market of fashion boutiques in Nepal and discover its constraints as well as potential scope. I have always been fascinated by the fashion industry. It is a mixture of art, pop culture, ideas and creativity. The fashion industries everywhere in the world are on new levels while the Naples fashion industry is still in its infancy. One of the major components of the total fashion industry of Nepal is the fashion boutique industry. Being a business student, I see considerable scope in this industry since it has a constantly growing market and it has the ability to revive itself with the changing times because of the creativity of the designers involved. I chose to research about he fashion boutique industry to see where the boutiques stand in the Naples fashion industry at the moment, to examine the constraints imposed for its growth and to assess its possible scope. As a result, I want to find out whether there is a possibility that it will stand and even compete in the same level with the imported ready-to-wear industry of Nepal in the future. The questions that I would like to address in this study are: 1. What is the current state of fashion boutique industry in Nepal? 2. What are the factors that are hindering the growth of the boutiques of Nepal? . What is the scope of the fashion boutique industry in Nepal? 4. What should be done to propel the fashion boutique industry into an established and respected industry in the country? 1. 3 Objectives of the Study 1. 3. 1 General Objective The main objective of this research is to find out the actual state of the boutique industry of Katmandu I. E. The present state, constraints and t he future scope of the industry. 1. 3. 2 Specific objectives 1. To understand the current state of the fashion boutiques in Katmandu. 2. To identify the constraints faced by the fashion boutiques 3. To identify the scope and opportunities for the fashion boutique industry 1. 4 Importance of the study Fashion is important to almost everyone. Gone are the days where clothes were only used to hide your body or protect it. These days, clothing and style plays a huge role in peoples’ lives. Every day, we see hundreds of people. Whether we see them on the street, at work, at school, or on television, people pass through our visual field. It may be intentional or unintentional but we form opinions about people based on their style of dress. This study will be useful in understanding the current state of fashion boutique industry of Nepal. It will help to determine, as well as, understand the obstacles and constraints faced by the boutique owners of Nepal. It will even help to understand about the state of mind of the Naples in terms of the connection between fashion and boutiques, and also about the influences of international fashion in Nepal. With the completion of this research, areas of potential or scope of the boutique industry or where this industry should be heading will be clear and the possibility of generation of market in fashion will be illustrated. This research will be helpful to anyone who wants a glimpse of the fashion boutique industry of Nepal. It will also be helpful to those people who will want to go in the boutique industry in the future, for creative or business purposes, as the project will illuminate where this industry is heading. 1. 5. Limitations of the study This study is not absolutely free from limitations; the limitations that may be observed are as follows: a. You read "Fashion Boutique Industry of Kathmandu" in category "Fashion" Since the study use primary and secondary data in order to prepare report, the data collection might be influenced by social crisis and personal influence of the data collector. . As the study is to be conducted by the students themselves, many opportunities to conduct a detailed market research may e lost due to budget and time constraints. C. The primary data used in this research will be from only a random sample of boutiques, which may not reflect the opinions of the boutique o wners of the entire industry. D. The secondary data used in this research is limited as no such research has been done in Nepal in the past. E. The study may lack exact information because it is based on the opinions and information provided by the surveyed boutique owners. F. Certain information may be based on approximation. G. Many of the respondents may not answer the questions provided in the questionnaire. Fashion, design and clothing can incorporate a wide range of different activities: These days, almost everything is related to fashion, from cars to architecture to stationery (AS Consultation y Formica ¶n, 2008). However, in this report, when we refer to the fashion sector we will be using the term in its most traditional sense – as the original fashion sector that has expanded to incorporate other parts of our life – the clothing sector and fashion in terms of the way people dress. Apparel products are typically classified into broad categories, such as basic commodity products (knit underwear and socks), fashion-basic products (dress shirts, casual slacks, and knit sportswear), â€Å"better† fashion (moderately priced dresses and suits), â€Å"bridge† fashions (higher priced ready-to-wear fashion products), designer collections (high quality and expensive ready-to-wear fashion products) and custom-made haute couture (Abernathy, et al. , 1999). These fashion categories are often portrayed in a â€Å"fashion pyramid† in which products are arrayed according to factors such as fashion content, length of product life cycle, quality, and price (see Figure 1). The Fashion Pyramid More Fashion Content More Product Differentiation Designer Greater Demand Uncertainty Collections Higher Quality Fabric Higher Price Shorter Product Cycles Shorter Production Runs Diagram 2: The Fashion Pyramid (Derringer Cretan, 2006). The boutiques of Nepal fall in the category of Better Fashions or Bridge Fashion collections. A boutique is a small shopping outlet, especially one that specializes in elite and fashionable items such as clothing and Jewelry. In terms of Nepal, boutiques are a small shopping outlets specializing in fashionable ready-to wear items, as well as a home to the boutique owner’s creations. Dozens of boutiques and fashion designing companies lining up from Bagman Bridge to Himalayan Hotel in Expandable is enough to indicate that fashion has already grown up as an entrepreneurship in Katmandu. Youth have started to see a good prospect in fashion as entrepreneurship. National Institute of Art and Fashion Designing, India Education Center, Unman College of Fashion Technology, Alkaloid Institute of Fashion Designing and Lord Buddha Education Foundation are some of the institute offering fashion education in Nepal. The scene in the Nepal fashion industry is not quite bleak indeed. Fashion boutiques are growing in Katmandu and in other cities like Dharma, Pokka, Butyl, and Bipartisan, too (Timpanist, 2009). Small fashion boutiques remain to have certain advantages over larger retail formats. It is found that find that small fashion boutiques excel in relational marketing and store branding. Small boutiques operators invest their effort in relational marketing by developing friendship with a group of core customers and supplying accurate fashion information to all customers. Although small fashion retailers cannot afford to have specialized marketing staff or a budget for mass media advertisements, their mall size put them in a position to develop relational marketing with their customers much more thoroughly and deeply than large fashion retailers. Also, small fashion boutiques effectively gain store brand equity through flexible visual merchandising and cultivating a charismatic image for the operator. (Chew, 2009) The marketing of boutique follows the conventional marketing patterns, which is dependent on selection of venue of the outlets and the product mix (designs and sizes), as well as the promotional strategy. Furthermore, the boutique owner has to marketing techniques like: -Displaying and distributing it as proper places Usage of electronic media: I. E. Rejection of the boutique in fashion programs, advertisement on television, and provision of dresses to various television plays and films. -Even arrangement: like fashion shows and photo-shoots Moreover, in order to keep abreast with the emerging trends and client tastes, surveys regarding customer satisfaction/needs should be regular feature of the project. As this project deals in designer women wear, therefore the product mix will comprise of different styles of the female dresses in different sizes. Fashion is in an era of change driven by designers, consumers and brands. The fashion industry today, in Nepal like in India, is a mixture of influences due to globalization resulting in a shift in the socio-cultural, economic, demographic and cryptographic make up of the country; these directly and indirectly have an impact on fashion (Insight Inshore, 2011). From the many fashion schools, institutes and other small scale institutes, there has been a birth of a new breed of experimental designers with no reservations about any mode of self expression. There is a rise of new target groups across the diverse sub-continent. Further, there is an increased awareness of fashion accelerated by advances in technology and media proliferation (Insight Inshore, 2011). Boutiques currently have a high potential market, but something missing. There is a shallow awareness of diverse target segments; there isn’t an in-depth understanding to identify diverse requirements new segments. There is an ability to predict the effect of regular media influences on existing target groups, dependence on western trend adaptations; there isn’t an ability to forecast fashion adaptations across a diverse map (Insight Inshore, 2011). There is a traditional static, consumer-research eased approach to design strategy; there isn’t a dynamic approach driven by an understanding of trends, and shoppers along with traditional consumer research. There is mostly independent design and business strategies; there isn’t a cohesive design and business strategy that is borne out of trend, consumer shopper research. 1. 7 Conceptual framework In Nepal, small fashion boutiques that provide its clients with custom-made as well as ready-made innovative designs of clothing. They are becoming increasingly popular, as seen by their presence in every major street of the Katmandu valley. It is essential to analyze their current state so that the future or scope of the boutique industry can be accurately predicted. Purpose of boutiques Cost Customers Socio-economic changes Political scenario Area of expertise Regulations Resource management Competition Diagram 1: Conceptual Framework In this context, this study has made the framework given below to get a glimpse of the fashion boutique industry of Nepal. Here, by getting an idea of the purpose of boutiques, cost and their customers, we can get a pretty good idea about the current state of fashion boutiques of Nepal. From the current state, the future of this industry can be illuminated by exploring the opportunities of this industry such as changes in the socio-economy of the country, finding particular areas of expertise or niche, and expanding resource base. But the growth of the industry is hindered to a certain extent by factors such as competition, regulations of governments, and the political scenario of the country. All this is illustrated in the framework above. 1. 8 Research Methods 1. 8. 1 Study Area The study was conducted by surveying the boutique owners of Katmandu valley, primarily of the Splendor area of Paten. The boutiques were randomly selected and surveyed. I chose this particular location for my study because it is one of the thriving places for boutiques and fashion in Nepal right now, as seen with the entire road being lined up with boutiques on either side. 1. 8. 2 Research Design The main purpose of this study is to give more information about fashion industry of Nepal. Hence, with the help of this study, we come to know about the current state of fashion boutique industry and find its potential scope that is very important for the people who have an interest in this industry, for personal or professional purposes. Therefore, the research design is descriptive in nature. 1. 8. 3 Nature and Source of Data Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Since the study use both sources of information, both qualitative and quantitative data were utilized for the study. To get information on this study about the current state of fashion boutique industry, various published articles were used. And in order to learn about the future scope of the fashion industry and current market as well, primary data was viewed. Primary data was collected from the randomly selected boutique owners of Splendor and secondary data and information was collected from various published articles and reports, though very little secondary data was used. 1. 8. 4 Data Collection Techniques The structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data for the study is attached in Annex 2. A set of structured questionnaire was developed to conduct interviews with owners of fashion boutiques. All the information that includes the current market, constraints and scope of the fashion industry was asked with the help of the closed questionnaire. For the sampling procedure, 20 boutiques were elected and the owners of those boutiques were asked questions about their understandings and opinions of the boutique and fashion industry of Nepal. The convenience sampling technique was made use of in the study area. 1. 8. 5 Data Analysis and Report Writing All the collected data has been properly processed by entering the collected data in the computer software SIPS. In SIPS, through the use of various mathematical and statistical tools, the collected data has been refined and analyzed. Different tables, charts, diagrams and graphs have been used as applicable. All these findings have en presented well in the summer project report. CHAPTER – II DATA ANALYSIS AND MAJOR FINDINGS This chapter is the heart of the report. The questionnaires filled by participants are tabulated and analyzed in order to come closer to our objectives. That very analysis is mainly presented in this chapter with the help of figures and charts. Questionnaire brief 20 boutique owners of Splendor had filled out the questionnaire (prototype in Annex) I had provided them with. Below, the answers provided by them are analyzed in order to understand the fashion boutique industry of Nepal and explore its scopes and threats. Note: The words â€Å"boutique owner† and â€Å"designer† are used interchangeably as in case of this report, they both are the same person. In some of the charts and graphs, the total response has come to more than 20 because some respondents have treated the question as multi-response questions. Data Presentation and Analysis 1 . Current state of fashion boutique industry The current state of the boutique fashion industry largely depends on the character, nature, and skill levels of the ones who control the industry I. E. The boutique owners. Presented below is a graph illustrating the basic demography (education level and ender) of those very owners. Figure 1: Education and gender of boutique owners Field study, 2011 As we can see here, 90% of the boutique owners are female while only 10% of them are male. This isn’t a big surprise because it is usually women who are more interested in fashion and trends in general in most societies. Also, all of the owners have completed their bachelor level and some have even achieved their masters’ degree. From the surveys filled out by them, it is seen that all of them have done some kind of course or training related to fashion or design such as Diploma in Fashion Designing, Bachelor in Fashion Design, etc. Some have even gone abroad for their trainings, such as Sunlit Martha Sahara, owner of Jaeger who studied in Metro Design Institute of North Carolina, USA. We can clearly see from the study that currently, all the boutique owners of Katmandu are highly trained professionals with extensive knowledge and training in their fields. 1. 1 Purpose When the boutique owners were asked why they had decided to open a boutique and Join the industry, the results were as follows: Figure 2: Purpose of opening boutiques A staggering 90% of the boutique owners claim to have opened a boutique because hey have a passion for designing and creating new things. Only 10% have chosen this field for other reasons. In the questionnaire, these 10% of the owners have mentioned that they chose this field because they wanted to â€Å"earn money with [their] creativity and skills that [they] possessed as designers†. We see that most boutique owners have chosen to be in this field because they followed their heart. As we have already established in the introduction part of this project that fashion boutiques are small shopping outlets specializing in fashionable ready-to wear items and custom- How to cite Fashion Boutique Industry of Kathmandu, Essays

The Horrors of a Slave Ship free essay sample

They were treated brutally and were forced to do dangerous jobs. If orders were not followed, they were flogged unmercifully. Later, they were separated as they served different masters. He later reunited with his sister when they had the same master. They cried of happiness as their mournful days were over; unfortunately, they were torn apart once again. His pain and anxiety was worse of what he had experienced after her fate. Equiano describes the many days he traveled and the frequent change of masters. He was sold back and forth in the West Indies and England.However, he came into a town called Tinmah in Africa. He then served a wealthy widow. Receiving many benefits as in eating with them and being dressed well, he forgot he was a slave and became adopted to the wealthy family. He was kidnapped again; however, this time, he arrived to a ship where slaves were being marketed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Horrors of a Slave Ship or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There were thousands of slaves chained under the deck as they were going to be shipped over the â€Å"Middle Passage† or across the Atlantic Ocean. The slaves suffocated as there was little room to even move or breathe.The filth and heat brought sickness to the people; therefore, they cried and groaned as they slowly died. Equiano preferred his former slavery instead of the situation he was living on the deck. Not only were blacks treated brutally but also the white people that misunderstood orders and did them wrong. Slaves utilized the moment that the white people laid their eyes off them to jump off the ship into the ocean. Equiano envied their fate because they now did not worry about their mistreatment. As the slaves preferred death over living a life of pain, it made the white people angry and flogged them unmercifully.The white people were in need of holding slaves in order to sell and have them working; therefore, they tried to warn them to discourage them not to commit suicide or jump off the ship into the ocean. At last, they arrived on the island of Barbadoes where they were going to be marketed and put to work with many other African slaves. It was an island where Equiano could not believe his surroundings. There were African slaves that spoke many other different languages. Another surprising thing Equiano saw was horseback riding which was unusual.In â€Å"The Horrors of a Slave Ship,† the writer tries to demonstrate the stress, horrors, fears, and sufferings of slave ship. With this article, the reader can comprehend how difficult it was to serve different masters and not being able to know when they were going to be sold again. With the detailed situations of hiding in the bushes to suffocating in an overcrowded deck, it gave the reader a sense of desperation. What authors try to do in articles based on slave ship is get their point across of the chaos in an African slave’s life. Probably few people knew the exact history of slave ship. The slave ship genre used by authors is usually written to go back to the history and give readers in the present a picture of past events. My views about this article are that Equiano had suffered as much as other slaves. The horrors of being a slave are more than what a writer can explain. Being in the actual situation is catastrophic. Slave ship, the event that took place in history, is an event that marked the deaths of millions of innocent people. Innocent people were separated from their families just to work for other people who they did not even know.The thought of the innocent slaves preferring death instead of a life of misery tells me that the situation they were in was dreadful and only a waste. I never thought being a slave was as much as this. I knew they suffered, but not as much as them preferring death over being alive. I can picture the situation as a horror scene as many slaves shrieked, groaned, and cried as they died of diseases or maybe of hopelessness. After I read this article, I’ve been interested in other stories about slave ship.The fact that Equiano bought his own freedom makes me realize that slaves having a position in liberty was not easy or given to anybody easily. It came to the moment in their lives where they lost hope in being happy which at some point in their lives, life was not taken seriously. Like Equiano, many slaves did not fight back or tried to escape. There was no point in fighting for their lives. Either way, they would have to die and suffer. I believe that most of the slaves’ reason for their death was the loss of hope they had for their lives.This is a good article to get readers attention and open their eyes to be thankful for what they have which is freedom, food, and a family. None of the slaves could enjoy what we have. They spent most of their lives working and serving others than being close to their families. Overall, â€Å"The Horrors of a Slave Ship† have impacted readers and also me in a way that we can see more than just a daily workforce. I know there are millions of other slaves than just Olaudah Equiano. To conclude, we all realize how intense the article â€Å"The Horrors of a Slave Ship† was as the author wrote such words to express these moments.